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Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan
Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, Alasdair Mór mac an Rígh, and called the Wolf of Badenoch (1343 – 20 June 1405), was the third surviving son of King Robert II of Scotland and youngest by his first wife, Elizabeth Mure of Rowallan. He was the first Earl of Buchan since John Comyn, from 1382 until his death. Alexander married the widowed Euphemia I, Countess of Ross, but they had no children although he did have a large family by his longtime mistress, Mairead inghean Eachann. Alexander was Justiciar of Scotia for a time, but not an effective one. He held large territories in the north of Scotland before eventually losing a large part of them. Alexander is remembered for his destruction of the royal burgh of Elgin and its cathedral. His nickname was earned due to his notorious cruelty and rapacity but there is no proof that it was used during his lifetime.
==Power and influence==
Known in charters as Alexander ''Senescalli'' (Latin for Steward), first noted when, on 14 August 1370, he issued letters patent from Ruthven Castle undertaking to grant protection to the Bishop of Moray and all of his lands, men and property in Badenoch.〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', pp. 72,73〕 His father, Robert the Steward, had acquired the lands of Badenoch probably from Euphemia, Countess of Moray who had become his second wife.〔Grant, Moray: Province and People, p. 143〕 Robert had a petulant relationship with his uncle, King David II of Scotland.〔S. I. Boardman, ''Robert II'', ODNB〕 In 1368 he and his sons were required by David's parliament to take an oath that they would keep their undisciplined followers in check—later that year, Robert and Alexander were imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle possibly as a result of these oaths having been broken.〔 Following Robert's accession to the throne, Alexander was formally made Lord of Badenoch on 30 March 1371.〔Grant, ''Moray: Province and People'', p. 146〕 Alexander's possession of Badenoch was unaffected by the restoration of the Earldom of Moray to John Dunbar in March 1372, nor were the territories of John MacDonald, Lord of the Isles, in Lochaber—similarly with the lands of Urquhart (south of Inverness) which had been granted to David Stewart, Earl of Strathearn and King Robert's eldest son with his second wife, Euphemia.〔Grant, ''Moray: Province and People'', p. 144〕 Alexander further extended his territorial gains in 1371 by leasing the Urquhart lands from his younger half-brother and then obtained possession of the Barony of Strathavon bordering his Badenoch lands.〔〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'' p. 88〕 In October 1372, Alexander was given the Royal Lieutenancy for those lands outwith the Earldom of Moray north and west of Inverness and added lands in Aberdeenshire and north Perthshire.〔Alexander Grant, ''Alexander Stewart'', ODNB〕 In the same year, he was Royal Justiciar in the Appin of Dull in Perthshire which meant that Alexander held crown authority from north Perthshire to the Pentland Firth.〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', p. 76〕 Alexander de Ard, a principal claimant for the Earldom of Caithness, resigned his territories to the crown in favour of both Alexander and his half-brother David.〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', p.75〕 However Alexander effectively doubled his land holdings when he married Euphemia Countess of Ross, in June 1382.〔 Alexander became the ''jure uxoris'' Earl of Ross and this provided him the Ross lands (but only during his own lifetime). Other lands belonging to his wife — including Lewis, Skye, Dingwall and Kingedward in Aberdeenshire — he held in joint ownership with her.〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', pp. 77, 78〕 His possession of the Barony of Kingedward, a large part of the former Earldom of Buchan allowed King Robert to give Alexander the title of Earl of Buchan only days after his marriage.〔Grant, ''Moray: Province and People'', p. 145〕〔Boardman, ''Early Stewart Kings'', p. 78〕 Alexander ruled these territories with the help of his own private cateran forces, building up resentment among other land owners and this included Alexander Bur, Bishop of Moray.〔
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